How does material selection affect machining difficulty in non-standard precision machining cnc parts?
Publish Time: 2025-01-29
In non-standard precision machining cnc parts, material selection has a direct and far-reaching impact on machining difficulty. Different materials have different physical and chemical properties, which determine the cutting performance, heat treatment requirements, surface quality and life during machining.
1. Hardness and toughness
High-hardness materials: such as stainless steel, alloy steel and some special steels, have high hardness, fast tool wear during machining, and large cutting force, which increases the difficulty of machining. It is necessary to use high-hardness, wear-resistant tools and take appropriate cooling and lubrication measures to extend tool life and improve machining quality.
Low-hardness materials: such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys, have low hardness and small cutting force during machining, but are prone to burrs and deformation. It is necessary to select appropriate cutting speeds and feed rates to prevent material deformation and improve surface quality.
2. Thermal conductivity
High thermal conductivity materials: such as copper and aluminum, have fast heat transfer, and the heat generated during machining can be quickly dissipated, reducing thermal deformation and tool wear. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the heat accumulation that may be generated during high-speed cutting.
Low thermal conductivity materials: such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, have slow heat transfer, and heat is not easy to dissipate during processing, which can easily lead to tool overheating and workpiece deformation. Effective cooling measures need to be taken, such as using cutting fluid or coolant.
3. Chemical stability
Corrosion-resistant materials: such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, have good chemical stability, but may react chemically with tool materials at high temperatures, resulting in tool wear and deterioration of workpiece surface quality. It is necessary to select high-temperature and corrosion-resistant tool materials and take appropriate protective measures.
Active materials: such as magnesium alloys, which have high chemical activity and are easy to react with oxygen and moisture in the air during processing to produce oxides and hydrogen, affecting processing quality and safety. Special protective measures need to be taken, such as inert gas protection.
4. Cutting performance
Easy-to-cut materials: such as low-carbon steel and some easy-to-cut stainless steels, have good cutting performance, small cutting force during processing, and low tool wear, but attention needs to be paid to the machinability and surface quality of the material.
Difficult-to-cut materials: such as high-temperature alloys and cemented carbides, which have poor cutting performance, require high-performance tools and special cutting processes to ensure processing quality and efficiency.
5. Surface quality
High surface quality requirements: such as precision instruments and optical parts, which have high surface quality requirements, need to select appropriate tools and cutting parameters, and take effective cooling and lubrication measures to reduce surface roughness and improve surface finish.
Low surface quality requirements: such as structural parts and functional parts, which have relatively low surface quality requirements, can choose larger cutting parameters and simplified processing technology to improve processing efficiency and reduce costs.
6. Cost and availability
High-cost materials: such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys, which have high costs, need to pay special attention to the selection of tools and processes during processing to reduce processing costs and improve economic benefits.
Low-cost materials: such as ordinary steel and aluminum alloys, which have low costs, can choose more economical tools and processes during processing to improve processing efficiency and reduce costs.
By comprehensively considering factors such as material hardness, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, cutting performance, surface quality, cost and availability, suitable materials can be effectively selected and corresponding processing strategies can be adopted to reduce the processing difficulty of non-standard precision machining CNC parts and improve the processing quality and efficiency.
